How Deep Can a Well Be for an Above Ground Pump?

An above ground pump, often referred to as a shallow well jet pump, can effectively draw water from wells up to 25 feet deep. Ideal for residential use, these pumps are designed for shallower water sources.

For wells deeper than 25 feet, a submersible pump is necessary to ensure efficient water extraction. Selecting the right pump type based on well depth is crucial for maintaining a consistent and reliable water supply.

Proper installation and regular maintenance can enhance pump performance and lifespan. If your well exceeds 25 feet, consulting a professional for the best pumping solution is recommended. Understanding these factors ensures you choose the most suitable pump for your water needs.

Understanding Above Ground Pumps

Above-ground pumps, commonly referred to as surface pumps, are situated on the ground level and draw water up from wells, lakes, ponds, or other water sources. Several types of above-ground pumps are designed for various applications, including shallow well pumps, convertible jet pumps, and deep well jet pumps.

Types of Above Ground Pumps

Understanding the characteristics of different pump types can help you determine which is best suited for your well depth.

Shallow Well Pumps

Shallow well pumps are designed for wells with a maximum depth of 25 feet. They are typically used for residential purposes and are effective for small to medium water demands. These pumps operate by creating a vacuum that lifts water from the well through a single intake pipe.

Convertible Jet Pumps

Convertible jet pumps can be modified for either shallow or deep well applications. When equipped with a shallow well adapter, they function as shallow well pumps. When used with a jet assembly placed in the well, they can draw water from depths up to 90 feet. This versatility makes convertible jet pumps a popular choice for varying water needs.

Deep Well Jet Pumps

Deep well jet pumps are designed specifically for wells that range from 25 to 110 feet deep. They utilize a two-pipe system where one pipe sends water down to a jet assembly in the well, and the other retrieves the water back to the surface. This design allows for efficient water extraction from deeper sources.

Factors Affecting Pump Performance

Several factors influence how deep a well can be for an above-ground pump, determining the efficiency and suitability of the system for your needs.

Static Water Level

The static water level is the distance from the ground surface to the water surface in the well when the pump is not in operation. The lower the static water level, the easier it is for the pump to draw water.

Pumping Water Level

The pumping water level is the distance from the ground surface to the water surface when the pump is operational and water is being drawn. This level is usually deeper than the static water level, due to the drawdown effect caused by pumping.

Drawdown

Drawdown is the difference between the static and pumping water levels. A significant drawdown can reduce the efficiency of an above-ground pump and may necessitate the use of a more powerful or specialized pump.

Total Dynamic Head (TDH)

Total Dynamic Head (TDH) is a crucial factor in pump selection and performance. It is the total equivalent height that a fluid is to be pumped, taking into account the elevation difference between the water source and the pump, friction loss in the pipes, and pressure requirements. The higher the TDH, the more powerful the pump must be to maintain efficient operation.

Factor	Description
Static Water Level	Distance from ground surface to water surface when pump is off
Pumping Water Level	Distance from ground surface to water surface when pump is on
Drawdown	Difference between static and pumping water levels
Total Dynamic Head	Total equivalent height fluid is pumped, considering various resistances

Determining the Optimal Well Depth

Determining the optimal well depth for an above-ground pump involves considering both the type of pump and the characteristics of the well.

Shallow Wells

A shallow well is defined as a well with a depth of 25 feet or less. For such wells, a shallow well pump is typically sufficient. Shallow well pumps are known for their simplicity and reliability, making them ideal for residential water supplies.

Parameter	Value
Well Depth	Up to 25 feet
Recommended Pump Type	Shallow Well Pump
Applications	Residential water supply, small to medium water demand

Intermediate Wells

Intermediate wells range from 25 to 60 feet deep and are best served by convertible jet pumps. These pumps offer flexibility, allowing you to adjust their configuration to suit varying depths.

Parameter	Value
Well Depth	25 to 60 feet
Recommended Pump Type	Convertible Jet Pump
Applications	Residential and agricultural purposes

Deep Wells

Deep wells, ranging from 60 to 110 feet deep, require the use of deep well jet pumps. These pumps are specifically designed to handle the increased drawdown and TDH associated with deeper wells, ensuring that water can be efficiently transported to the surface.

Parameter	Value
Well Depth	60 to 110 feet
Recommended Pump Type	Deep Well Jet Pump
Applications	Agricultural, commercial, and larger residential systems

Installation Considerations

Installing an above-ground pump involves several critical considerations to ensure optimal performance and longevity.

Proper Location

The location of the pump should be chosen carefully. It should be easily accessible for maintenance and repairs, and protected from the elements to prevent damage. Installing the pump in a well-ventilated, dry place is optimal.

Pump Selection

Selecting the right pump involves considering various factors, including well depth, water demand, and TDH. Consulting with a professional can help you make an informed decision, ensuring that you select the best pump for your specific needs.

Power Supply

Above-ground pumps require a reliable power supply. Ensure that the electrical system is adequate to support the pump’s power requirements, and consider installing a backup power source to maintain water supply during power outages.

Pressure Tank

A pressure tank is essential for maintaining consistent water pressure and prolonging the lifespan of your pump. The tank should be correctly sized to match the pump’s capacity and water demand.

Piping and Fittings

Proper piping and fittings are crucial for efficient water transport. Use durable, corrosion-resistant materials and ensure that all connections are securely fitted to prevent leaks and pressure loss.

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Regular maintenance and timely troubleshooting are key to ensuring the longevity and efficient operation of your above-ground pump.

Regular Inspection

Perform periodic inspections of your pump system to identify and address potential issues. Check for signs of wear and tear, leaks, and abnormal noises. Regular inspection helps in early detection of problems, preventing costly repairs.

Cleaning and Lubrication

Keep your pump clean and well-lubricated. Remove debris that may obstruct the intake or discharge pipes, and lubricate moving parts to minimize friction and wear.

Pressure Tank Maintenance

Regularly check the pressure tank for signs of wear or leaks. Ensure that the tank’s pressure settings are within the recommended range for your pump, and adjust if necessary.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Understanding common issues that may arise with your pump system can help you troubleshoot effectively. Here are a few common problems and their potential solutions:

Problem	Potential Cause	Solution
Pump Not Priming	Air leak in the suction line	Check and tighten all connections
Low Water Pressure	Clogged intake or discharge pipes	Clean or replace pipes
No Water Delivery	Faulty jet assembly or pressure switch	Inspect and replace faulty components
Excessive Noise	Worn-out bearings or impeller	Lubricate or replace worn-out parts

Conclusion

Determining how deep a well can be for an above-ground pump involves understanding various factors, including well depth, pump type, static and pumping water levels, drawdown, and total dynamic head.

Selecting the appropriate pump type and ensuring proper installation are crucial to maintaining an efficient and reliable water system. Regular maintenance and timely troubleshooting further ensure the longevity and performance of your above-ground pump system.

For the best results, it is advisable to consult with a professional to tailor the well and pump system to your specific needs. By taking these steps, you can ensure a consistent and reliable water supply for your home or agricultural needs, regardless of the well depth.